Mechanical Properties na karfe kayan

Abubuwan injiniyoyi na ƙarfe suna nufin halayen ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin waje, galibi gami da alamomi masu zuwa.

① Ƙarfin Ƙarfiσb: matsakaicin matsakaicin matsananciyar damuwa a kan madaidaicin matsi na damuwa, naúrar

MPa ba.

② Iyakar Haɓakaσs: lokacin da danniya na kayan ya wuce kewayon roba kuma nakasar filastik ta fara faruwa Damuwa.Babu wani fili mai yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin lanƙwan ƙwaƙƙwaran damuwa na wasu kayan, wato, ba za a iya tantance yawan amfanin sa a fili ba.A wannan yanayin, an ƙayyade a cikin injiniyanci cewa ana ɗaukar ƙimar danniya na 0.2% saura nakasar samfurin azaman iyakar yawan amfanin ƙasa.σ0.2 an bayyana a cikin MPa.

③ Ƙimar Ƙarfafawa: Karyewar samfurin bayan wani lokaci a yanayin da aka ba

Matsakaicin damuwa a fashe.A cikin aikin injiniya, yawanci ana bayyana shi ta matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar samfurin lokacin da ya karye na 10⁵h a zafin ƙira Ƙararren shine MPa.

④ Ƙimar Ƙira: sanya samfurin ya samar da wani adadin ƙimar damuwa na creep.Teburin darajar damuwa na karfe a zafin ƙira na 10⁵h kuma ana amfani da ƙimar raɗaɗi na 1% a aikin injiniya yana cikin MPa.

⑤ Tsawaita Kashiδ8: yana nuna cewa lokacin da samfurin ya lalace a gwajin tensile Kashi na elongation na filastik.Ma'auni ne don auna filastik na karfe.Tsawon asali na samfurin gabaɗaya an zaɓi shi azaman madaidaiciyar tsayin samfurin

Sau 5 ko sau 10 na diamita, don haka samfurin yana da δ₅kuma δ₁₀, cikin%.

⑥ Rage Yankiψ: yana nuna cewa lokacin da samfurin ya lalace a cikin gwajin gwaji

Raw filastik nakasar ƙimar.Wata alama ce don auna filastik kayan, wanda aka bayyana a cikin%.

⑦ Tasiri darajar A_k: Yana da ma'auni na taurin ƙarfe kuma yana ƙayyade ko ƙarfe yana da gazawar gazawar Manuni, naúrar: J.

⑧ Hardness: yana nuna juriya na abu zuwa nakasar filastik na gida da juriya na lalacewa na kayan.Akwai nau'ikan tebur iri uku na nuna hanyoyin, watau Brinell hardness HB, Rockwell hardness HR da Vickers Vickers Diamond Hardness HV yana da hanyoyin aunawa daban-daban da jeri na aikace-aikace.Dangane da gogewa Akwai kusancin dangantaka tsakanin taurin da ƙarfi kamar haka: birgima da daidaita ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon.σ_b= 0.36HB;Mirgine da al'ada matsakaici carbon Karfe ko low gami karfeσ_b= 0.35HB;Taurin shine 250 ~ 400HB, da kuma ƙarfe mai zafi da aka bi da shi.σ_b= 0.33HB.

Saboda dacewa da ma'auni, ana amfani da taurin yankin da zafi ya shafa don sanin matakin tauraruwar haɗin gwiwa.

–本文内容摘抄自《压力管道设计及工程实例》